The United Nations expects global cooling demand to more than double by 2050

On the 11th, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released a report predicting that by 2050, global cooling demand will be more than three times the current level, further exacerbating global warming and straining power grids. In response, UNEP called for more sustainable cooling solutions, such as improved building design and better ventilation. 

The report, titled "Global Cooling Outlook 2025," makes this forecast based on factors like global population and wealth growth, and the increase in extreme heat events. It anticipates that demand will grow fastest in Africa and South Asia. 

The report states that although countries are making efforts, such as improving energy efficiency, gradually reducing the use of climate-warming refrigerants, and enhancing power grid operations, greenhouse gas emissions related to cooling are expected to increase significantly, reaching 7.2 billion tons of CO₂ equivalent by 2050—almost double the 2022 level. "We must rethink cooling—not as a source of emissions, but as a cornerstone of heat resilience and sustainable development," the report says. 

UNEP recommends adopting a "sustainable cooling pathway," focusing on passive cooling technologies, low-energy options, and hybrid cooling methods that combine fans and air conditioning. It is estimated that if these cooling approaches are widely adopted, by 2050, greenhouse gas emissions related to cooling could be reduced by 64% compared to projected levels, 3 billion people could avoid increasingly severe heat, energy costs could be reduced by $17 trillion, and up to $26 trillion in power grid investments could be avoided. If the global power sector achieves rapid decarbonization, emissions from cooling might decrease even further.

UNEP especially recommends passive cooling solutions, such as optimized wall and roof designs, shading, and improved ventilation. These strategies can help lower indoor temperatures by 0.5°C to 8°C. 

"As deadly heatwaves become more frequent and extreme, cooling facilities must be seen as essential infrastructure, alongside water, energy, and sanitation facilities," said UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen. "But we cannot rely on air conditioning alone to tackle the heat crisis, as it drives greenhouse gas emissions and increases costs. Passive, energy-efficient, and nature-based solutions can help meet growing cooling demand and protect people, food systems, and economies from extreme heat as we pursue global climate goals. We have no excuse: it’s time to beat the heat." ...